29 December 2007

Falta involucrar a la población en la conservación de reservas ecológicas

La prohibición de actividades en las áreas protegidas afecta a las comunidades
La reserva de la biosfera de Zicuirán-Infiernillo será foco rojo, prevé Tamara Ortiz
TAMARA SOSA / La Jornada Michoacán

Las reservas ecológicas de la entidad no han sido planeadas para que la población se involucre en su conservación, lo que ha propiciado una serie de conflictos sociales en zonas como la de la mariposa Monarca, asentó la docente del Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas (Cieco) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tamara Ortiz Avila.
Michoacán, con ecosistemas de bosque templado, selva baja, con una zona de sierra, selva mediana y costa, se ubica como el quinto estado con mayor biodiversidad a nivel nacional, lo que ha hecho propicio que se decreten distintas áreas de reserva ecológica tanto a nivel estatal, federal como internacional.
A nivel estatal, en esta administración la Secretaría de Urbanismo y Medio Ambiente (SUMA) emprendió un sistema de protección de las áreas naturales importantes en la entidad.
De esa manera, de acuerdo a SUMA, las áreas naturales protegidas son el instrumento de política ambiental con mayor definición jurídica para la conservación de la biodiversidad, y se trata de porciones terrestres o acuáticas del territorio nacional representativas de los diversos ecosistemas, en donde el ambiente original no ha sido esencialmente alterado por la mano del hombre, o de aquellas que han sido manejadas por el hombre y después de su abandono se han recuperado y requieren ser protegidas o restauradas.
Así, a la fecha, en el estado se han iniciado procesos de decreto y se han decretado 17 áreas naturales protegidas, las cuales son Agua Caliente en el municipio de Marcos Castellanos, Los Chorros del Varal en Los Reyes, Manantiales de Parácuaro, La Alberca de los Espinos en Villa Jiménez, La Chichihua en Coalcomán, Cerro Punhuato y la Ex Escuela Agrícola denominada La Huerta en el municipio de Morelia, Cerro Hueco y La Alberca en Tacámbaro, El Barrancón de las Guacamayas en Chinicuila, Laguna de Chandio en Apatzingán, Manantial La Mintzita en Morelia, La Chichihua en Coalcomán, Parque Ecológico Agua Tibia-Jeroche en Puruándiro, Bosque Cuauh-témoc y Parque Juárez en el municipio de Jiquilpan, Lic. Salvador Bernal Murgía en Uruapan, Las Tinajas de Huandacareo y Volcán El Jorullo en La Huacana.
A nivel nacional como santuarios se decretó la Playa de Maruata y Colola y la Playa Mexiquillo, en cuanto a parques nacionales, en Uruapan se decretó la Barranca del Cupatitzio, en Hidalgo y Queréndaro el Cerro de Garnica, en Charo y Tzitzio, Insurgente José María Morelos, en Tangancícuaro y Tancítaro el lago de Camécuaro, además del Pico de Tancítaro en Nuevo Parangaricutiro y Peribán.
Finalmente como reservas de biosfera, -que tienen reconocimiento a nivel internacional ya que se involucran organizaciones como la UNESCO–, en Michoacán se encuentran la mariposa Monarca y recientemente Zicuirán-Infiernillo con una superficie de 265 mil 117 hectáreas que involucra a cuatro municipios.
En ese sentido, la académica del Cieco de la UNAM, Tamara Ortiz Avila consideró que SUMA ha hecho un buen esfuerzo por decretar nuevas áreas naturales, pues no sólo se creó un sistema de categorización sino que se publicó un libro y se realizaron talleres para involucrar a la población de varias regiones del estado para que la gente decidiera cuáles eran las zonas que debían protegerse por razones culturales o biológicas.
Por tal motivo, en general podría decirse que sí hay un cuidado por parte de las autoridades en el tema de las reservas naturales aseguró la académica, sin embargo, el principal obstáculo es que en la protección de las áreas no se ha involucrado a la población que se encuentra directamente en contacto en esos lugares.
Y es que Ortiz Avila explicó que en las áreas protegidas se clasifica una zona núcleo y de amortiguamiento, en la primera se decreta que es “totalmente intocable” por diferentes razones que dependen de acuerdo a cada caso, en la de amortiguamiento pueden realizarse actividades de bajo impacto o sustentables que pueden ser de todo tipo.
Así, consideró que las reservas se planean “de arriba para abajo” por lo que no cumplen con el objetivo de la conservación pues no se contempla a la gente, a las comunidades que rodean a las zonas “sólo llegan un día y se les dice que el decreto es definitivo y que en adelante no podrán hacer nada”.
La prohibición de cualquier actividad en las regiones decretadas como áreas naturales protegidas afecta directamente a la población que habita en dichas zonas, pues en la mayoría de los casos son sus únicas fuentes de subsistencia, creando así conflictos sociales entre las comunidades.
Un ejemplo de conflicto social generado por la imposición de una reserva natural es la región de la mariposa Monarca, destacó la académica del Cieco, pues desde que se dictaminó la reserva, la deforestación y la tala clandestina ha ido en aumento debido a que la gente de las comunidades que normalmente tenía un aprovechamiento forestal de la región súbitamente se le prohibió cualquier actividad y así devino un problema mucho más profundo. De esa manera, a pesar de que se invierten millones de pesos cada año en solucionar el problema de la región, no se resuelve, pues la gente no está involucrada en los proyectos de conservación que usualmente se hacen de manera “muy vertical”.
Próximamente se vaticina un problema similar en dimensiones mayores en la recién decretada reserva de biosfera de Zicuirán-Infiernillo, consideró Ortiz Avila, debido a que se trata de una región de alta marginación en donde principalmente hay una actividad ganadera, además de que se trata de tierras ejidales, lo que implica que habrá más problemas que en la zona de la Monarca, en donde la madera es el único punto de conflicto.
Así, destacó que existe una corriente en el tema de la protección ambiental en donde se tratan de generar nuevos modelos de conservación, y en donde las comunidades de los ejidos sean las ejecutoras de las reservas, con una alternativa de desarrollo para que no sea “conservar por conservar” sino que se incentive la implementación de proyectos que pudieran ser ecoturísticos y sustentables con los recursos de las plantas medicinales, y de la madera con el objetivo de que se creen beneficios económicos para la población que habita en las reservas.
Para el caso de Zicuirán-Infiernillo distintas organizaciones sociales así como académicos de la UNAM solicitaron a las autoridades correspondientes que pusieran énfasis en la realización del decreto para que no se excluyera a la población, sin embargo dicho cometido no se logró, afirmó Ortiz Avila.
Finalmente aseguró que a pesar de que ha habido un esfuerzo por parte de las autoridades en torno a la preservación de áreas naturales, no se ha logrado que haya un compromiso por involucrar a las comunidades que habitan en las zonas de reserva del estado, por lo que la siguiente administración tendrá como reto lograr que la población se beneficie de los decretos existentes en el estado, por lo que la académica del Cieco concluyó: “es obvio que es un camino largo por recorrer y este modelo de conservación de arriba para abajo se va a seguir impulsando. No va a cambiar pero en la medida en que las comunidades demuestren que pueden crear sus propios modelos de conservación pues se van a ir dando los esquemas”.

34 comments:

Anonymous said...

Please let me know if you're looking for a article writer for your weblog. You

have some really good posts and I think I would be a good asset. If you ever want to take

some of the load off, I'd love to write some content for your blog in

exchange for a link back to mine. Please shoot me an email if interested.

Cheers!

my blog local climate impacts profile

Anonymous said...

An impressive share, I simply given this onto a colleague who
was doing somewhat analysis on this. And he in truth purchased me breakfast as a result of
I discovered it for him.. smile. So let me reword that:
Thnx for the deal with! But yeah Thnkx for

spending the time to debate this, I feel strongly about it and love reading more on this topic.

If potential, as you grow

to be expertise, would you mind updating your weblog with more


particulars? It is extremely helpful for me. Massive thumb up for this

blog put up!
Here is my blog :: www.mshmc.info

Anonymous said...

Somebody essentially lend a hand to make

significantly articles I might state. This is the very
first time I

frequented your web page and so far? I surprised with the

analysis you made to create this actual publish extraordinary.

Fantastic activity!
My weblog - http://www.abinferis.at/

Anonymous said...

I do love the manner in which you have framed this
particular situation plus it does

supply us some fodder for thought.

Nonetheless, coming from what precisely I

have personally seen, I just

wish as the remarks pack on that individuals stay

on issue and don't embark on a soap box

regarding some other news du jour. Yet, thank you for this

excellent point and whilst I

can not agree with it in totality, I regard

your point of view.
Feel free to visit my site :: new orleans employment classifieds

Anonymous said...

Hmm is anyone else experiencing problems with the pictures on this blog loading?
I'm trying

to find out if its a problem on my end or if it's the blog.
Any

suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
my webpage - spanish algarve properties ltd

Anonymous said...

What’s Happening i'm new to this, I stumbled upon this I've
found It positively helpful and it has helped me out loads.
I hope to contribute & assist other users like its helped me.

Great job.
Also visit my web blog :: http://www.illegalpropertyspain.com

Anonymous said...

I used to be very happy to search out this

internet-site.I wanted to thanks for your time for this wonderful read!
! I definitely having fun with each

little bit of it and I've you bookmarked to check out new stuff you

weblog post.
My web site > licensing intellectual property law & application

Anonymous said...

This design is steller! You definitely know how to

keep a reader amused. Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved to start my own
blog (well,

almost...HaHa!) Wonderful job. I really loved what you
had to say, and more than

that, how you presented it. Too cool!
my site: http://pcfuchs.info/cgi-bin/catalog.cgi?cmd=pages&page=959038266520114_1363235164

Anonymous said...

Wow! Thank you! I permanently wanted to write on my blog something like that.

Can I include a fragment of your post to my

website?
Look into my web page ; http://bozuyukradyotv.com

Anonymous said...

Very well written article. It will be beneficial to anyone
who employess it, including yours truly :).



Keep doing what you are doing - can'r wait to read more posts.
Feel free to surf my web-site : tclib.org

Anonymous said...

Definitely, what a great blog and instructive posts, I surely will bookmark your site.
Have an awsome day!
Here is my website ; http://dravidology.com/

Anonymous said...

Hey there! Do you use Twitter? I'd like to follow you if that would be

okay. I'm absolutely enjoying your blog and look forward to new
updates.
Feel free to visit my page ; moodletrainer.com

Anonymous said...

Whats up are using Wordpress for your site platform? I'm new to the

blog world but I'm trying to get started and set up my own.
Do you need any html coding

expertise to make your own blog? Any help would be greatly appreciated!
Feel free to surf my web blog http://yilinglim.blogspot.fr/2009/09/jin-shan-cheng-steamboat.html?m=1

Anonymous said...

Valuable info. Lucky me I found your web site by accident, and I am shocked
why this

accident didn't happened earlier! I bookmarked it.
My web-site HTTP://eggig.com/story.php?title=user-detail

Anonymous said...

great post, very informative. I'm wondering why the opposite experts of this sector do not notice this.

You should proceed your writing. I'm sure, you've a huge readers'

base already!
My web site :: http://taylsofcraziness.blogspot.com/2011/07/trader-joe-can-do-whatever-he-wants.html

Anonymous said...

The subsequent time I read a weblog, I hope that it doesnt disappoint me as much as this one.
I imply, I do know it was my option to read, but I

truly thought youd have one thing attention-grabbing to say.

All I

hear is a bunch of whining about one thing that you can fix if you
happen

to werent too busy looking for attention.
Feel free to visit my blog post ; used car classifieds rochester Ny

Anonymous said...

of course like your web site however you have to

check the spelling on quite a few of your posts.

Many of them are rife with

spelling problems and I find it very troublesome to inform the reality then
again I’ll definitely come

back again.
Here is my webpage kebap istanbul alicante

Anonymous said...

Do you have a spam problem on this site; I also am a blogger,
and I was curious about your situation; we have developed some nice methods and we

are looking to exchange techniques with others, why not shoot me an e-mail if interested.
Visit my web-site :: work the test a song

Anonymous said...

advertising and ***********

with Adwords. Well I’m including this RSS to my e-mail and can glance
out

for a lot more of your respective exciting content. Make sure
you replace this again soon..
My blog :: property wc1e

Anonymous said...

It's the best time to make a few plans for the long run

and it's time to be happy. I've read this post and if I may just I wish to suggest you some attention-

grabbing things or suggestions. Perhaps you can write subsequent articles

referring to this article. I desire to read more

issues approximately it!
My web site : socialcircle.stock-options-picks.com

Anonymous said...

Wow, amazing weblog structure! How

lengthy have you ever been blogging for? you make blogging glance easy.
The whole look of your site is magnificent, as smartly as
the content material!
my webpage :: Read More At this website

Anonymous said...

Great website! I am loving it!! Will come back again.

I am bookmarking your feeds also.
Also see my web site > wiki.ku.dk

Anonymous said...

Oh my goodness! an amazing article dude. Thank
you Nevertheless

I am experiencing problem with ur rss . Don’t know why Unable

to subscribe to it. Is there anyone getting equivalent rss
problem? Anyone who is aware of kindly respond. Thnkxxx
Also visit my blog post :: rightmove almeria spain

Anonymous said...

What i don't understood is in truth how you are

not really a lot more smartly-appreciated than you might be right now. You're so intelligent.
You already know thus significantly relating to this matter, made me

personally consider it from so many various angles.
Its like women and men don't seem to be

interested until it’s one thing to accomplish with

Lady gaga! Your personal stuffs nice. All the time maintain it up!
My website - http://silpacific.org/

Anonymous said...

Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive learn something
like this before. So good

to search out any person with some original ideas

on this subject. realy thank you for beginning this up.
this website is something that's wanted on the internet, somebody with a little bit originality. helpful job for bringing one

thing new to the web!
Here is my website ; taiwan property law

Anonymous said...

hi!,I really like your writing so a lot!
proportion we

keep up a correspondence more approximately your article

on AOL? I require a specialist in this space to unravel
my

problem. Maybe that's you! Looking ahead to

look you.
My web site - internet och tv abonnemang

Anonymous said...

Please let me know if you're looking for a author for your site. You

have some really great posts and I feel I would be a good asset. If you ever want to take

some of the load off, I'd love to write some articles for your blog in

exchange for a link back to mine. Please blast me an email if interested.
Regards!

my site - Qog.xenomorph.us

Anonymous said...

It's appropriate time to make some plans for the future and it is time to be happy. I

have read this post and if I could I desire to suggest you some interesting things or

suggestions. Perhaps you can write next articles referring to this article. I wish

to read more things about it!

Feel free to visit my web page ... hb property rentals

Anonymous said...

You are a very smart person!

Also visit my weblog; golf courses epping

Anonymous said...

In this awesome pattern of things you'll get an A just for hard work. Exactly

where you actually confused everybody ended up being in the specifics. You know, they say, details make or break the argument.. And that could not be

more accurate right here. Having said that, allow me tell you exactly what

did do the job. Your article (parts of it)

is definitely quite

powerful which is most likely the reason why

I am taking an effort to opine. I do not make it a regular habit of

doing that. Second, while I can

certainly notice the jumps in reasoning you come up with, I am not really sure of exactly how you appear to

unite the points which in turn make

the final result. For now I will, no doubt subscribe to your point but trust in the near future

you actually link the dots better.

My page - http://Www.spainweather.org

Anonymous said...

Terrific work! This is the type of info that should
be shared around the internet. Shame on the search engines for not positioning this post higher!
Come on over and visit my site . Thanks =)

Feel free to surf to my homepage www.allevatoricinofili.it

Anonymous said...

hey there and thank you for your information - I’ve definitely picked up

something new from right here. I did however expertise a few technical issues using this
site, as I experienced to reload the web site many times previous

to I could get it to load properly. I had been wondering if your hosting is OK?

Not that

I am complaining, but sluggish loading instances times will very frequently affect your

placement in google and can damage your high-quality score if
ads and

marketing with Adwords. Well I’m adding this RSS
to my email and could look out for a lot more of your respective fascinating
content. Ensure that you update

this again soon..

Feel free to surf to my web blog - http://ncm.gu.se/

Anonymous said...

Incredible! This blog looks just like my old one!
It's on a totally

different topic but it has pretty much the same page layout and design. Wonderful choice of colors!

My blog: Khat legal in spain

Anonymous said...

Today, I went to the beach front with my children.
I found a sea shell and gave it to my 4 year

old daughter and said "You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear." She
placed the shell to her ear and

screamed. There was a hermit crab inside and it pinched her ear.
She never wants to go back! LoL I know this is

entirely off topic but I had to tell someone!

Look at my blog post: http://www.wsadirectory.com/view/spainweather.org