30 July 2006

El ozono de la atmósfera se recupera, pero no así el agujero en la Antártida

DATOS DE LOS DOS ÚLTIMOS AÑOS

Actualizado jueves 27/07/2006 17:45 (CET)
El Mundo

EFE
MADRID.- Los niveles de ozono en la estratosfera se han recuperado en los dos últimos años, posiblemente por el control del cambio climático, pero hoy por hoy "no hay hechos objetivos claros de que el agujero en la Antártida se esté cerrando".
El jefe de Investigación e Instrumentación Atmosférica del INTA, Manuel Gil, explicó que el Protocolo de Montreal y las medidas internacionales adoptadas para hacer frente al problema de la capa de ozono en la atmósfera "parece que están funcionando y cumpliendo su función".
Desde el año 2000, indicó, "se ha invertido la tendencia creciente de presencia de cloro en la atmósfera", que ha empezado a decrecer en las capas bajas, aunque el experto precisó que, sin embargo, "no está tan claro" en el caso del bromo que haya ocurrido lo mismo.
Los niveles de ozono están empezando a aumentar, y la tendencia que se observa en los dos últimos años es que "empieza a haber más ozono en la estratosfera", insistió Gil.
En la Península Ibérica, en concreto, el panorama es muy semejante al del Planeta en su conjunto, y por tanto, indicó, también se empieza a recuperar el nivel de ozono.
Aparentemente, prosiguió el experto, el motivo de esta mejora se debe a las medidas internacionales adoptadas, aunque puntualizó que "eso nunca se sabe con un 100% de seguridad".
Según Gil, ha coincidido el hecho de que "se han frenado las emisiones de gases para que haya empezado a aumentar el ozono otra vez en todo el Planeta".
Aunque se ha producido un aumento de ozono en los últimos dos años en el Planeta, "aún no hemos visto que el agujero de ozono en la Antártida se recupere", insistió Gil.
Es cierto que la situación "no ha ido a peor desde el año 2000, pero tampoco se está recuperando claramente el agujero de ozono en la Antártida".
"Se oyen voces de todo tipo, y hay quien opina que parece que empieza a cerrarse el agujero de ozono en la Antártida y que eso implicaría que las cosas están mejorando, pero eso es filosofar", señaló el experto.
En su opinión, "la situación en los polos es más difícil, y por ello, se va a tardar más en apreciar una recuperación" de los niveles de ozono.
En la actualidad, prosiguió, se está elaborando un documento impulsado por la Organización de Meteorología Mundial con edición cuatrienal, que se publicará de nuevo en medio año, sobre el estado de la capa de ozono, con datos cuantitativos de la evolución en los últimos cuatro años.
El experto recordó que, en España, en enero de 2004, se detectó un agujero de ozono similar al de la Antártida en términos de profundidad, pero no en sus dimensiones, que después se resolvió. La causa del mismo es la confluencia de una serie de efectos naturales "que son muy poco probables en meteorología", explicó Gil.

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