02/24/2009 - 06:31 AM
México.- Ya es oficial: los genes de maíz genéticamente modificado se han propagado en las variedades silvestres de algunas zonas rurales de México. Un nuevo estudio resuelve una larga controversia sobre la propagación de los genes modificados genéticamente, y sugiere que la detección de tales fugas debe ser más estricta de lo que lo que se pensaba, según da a conocer la revista New Scientist.
En 2001, cuando los biólogos David Quist e Ignacio Chapela informaron de la búsqueda de los transgenes de maíz modificado genéticamente en variedades tradicionales en Oaxaca, México, se enfrentaron a un aluvión de críticas sobre sus técnicas. La revista Nature, que publico la investigación, finalmente desautorizo lo escrito por los científicos, mientras que un segundo estudio realizado por diferentes investigadores no pudo encontrar hallazgos concluyentes.
Pero ahora, Elena Álvarez Buylla de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico y su equipo han apoyado la reclamación de Quist y Chapela. Encontraron transgenes en alrededor de 1% de las cerca de 2 mil muestras que tomaron de la región publicando sus descubrimientos en la revista especializada Molecular Ecology.
"Ellos están ahí fuera, pero fueron golpeados y se perdieron", dice Paul Gepts de la Universidad de California y coautor del nuevo estudio. Los transgenes diseminados son comunes en algunos campos y en otros no, afirma el científico, por lo que el monitoreo de los genes debe ser lo más amplio posible.
Lo que es más, no todos los métodos de detección o de laboratorio identifican cada muestra con transgenes. Los investigadores deben utilizar muchos métodos para evitar resultados negativos, dice Gepts.
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